中文摘要：

通用量子计算机是指可以在不改变量子计算机物理组成和基本体系结构的条件下针对所有可计算问题进行量子计算及其它量子信息处理的设备.通用量子计算机的研究和制造具有重要的理论和实际意义.要达成制造通用量子计算机的目标,需要在底层量子物理设备、量子计算机体系结构、量子资源调度和上层量子程序设计语言、量子算法及量子应用软件等多方面进行努力.文中结合国内外在上述各方面研究的最新进展以及作者自身的研究结果,从计算机系统的角度为通用量子计算机的研究和制造绘制一幅蓝图,并详细阐述了其中的困难与努力方向.

英文摘要：

A universal quantum computer is a quantum computation device which can proceed quantum computation and other quantum information processing without changing the architecture of the physical device. Research and development of universal quantum computers raise important theoretical and practical significance. To reach the goal of building universal quantum computers, we should pay efforts on several aspects such as low-level quantum physical device, quantum instruction set system, quantum computer architecture, quantum resource schedule, high-level quantum programming languages, quantum algorithms and quantum applications. Combined with the studies of our own research results and the latest progresses of domestic and foreign researchers, this paper proposes a tentative study of the blueprint of building universal quantum computers in the computer system point of view, and makes a detailed description of the difficulties and further works of universal quantum computers.