中文摘要：

我国内蒙中侏罗世道虎沟生物群是古生物学的热点之一，报道了种类繁多的脊椎动物化石如两栖类、爬行类、哺乳动物等，特别是有尾两栖类热河螈和初螈在道虎沟数量丰富。一些学者曾经报道过道虎沟生物群中的蝌蚪化石，经过重新分析这块标本并不具备脊椎动物的骨骼构造，跗骨特征与脊椎动物差别很大而符合昆虫的跗节构造，其身体部分具有一些骨板缝，所谓的“蝌蚪”尾部其实是昆虫的喙，因而这是一块残破蝉类化石的虫体前部。虽然蛙类化石在我国下白垩统地层中并不少见，但道虎沟生物群迄今并未报道过真正的蛙类。

英文摘要：

The Middle Jurassic Daohugou Biota has yiel ded abundant fossil insects, plants and various ver tebrate fossils. The vertebrates from Daohugou are dominated by two amphibians namely Jeholotriton paradoxus and Chunerpeton tianyiensis. A tadpole fossil has been described on the basis of a single specimen as the unique sample of Salientia has not been reported from Daohugou Biota to date. How ever, despite its soft tissues have been well pre served, this specimen preserved no skeletal fea tures, contrary to the condition in even juvenile salamanders from Daohugou and to other fossil tadpoles such as those from the Miocene Shanwang Formation. On the analysis of general characters, this ＂tadpole＂ is in fact a fragment of an insect （Hemiptera.. Cicadomorpha）. It preserved the head, pro and mid thorax, and fore legs of the insect. The particular thin and straight tail of the ＂tadpole＂ is actually the rostrum of the insect compressed forward due to the disorganization process during transportation. The hind legs of the ＂tad- pole＂ displayed a series of characters on femur, tibia, and tarsus of insects. Especially, the tarsal elements in this specimen is by no means similar to that of a frog （with two parallel bones, i. e. , the tibiale and fibulare）, but identical to that of an insect （with three successive tarsomeres）. Repre- sentatives of Cicadomorpha from Daohugou mainly include three groups, Palaeontinidae, Tettigarcti- dae, and Procercopidae. This sample of ＂tadpole＂ more resembles a large palaeontinid fossil. Most described palaeontinid specimens from Daohugou are preserved as isolated fore wings or hind wings, which can be an additional evidence to reveal that these insects have been decomposed in preservation. With the re-identification of the ＂tadpole＂ specimen as a cicadomorph insect, there should be, to date, no anuran record at the Middle Jurassic Daohugou locality, as well as in the pre-Cretaceous strata in China.