中文摘要：

国际贸易理论和现实的新进展表明：包括生产成本、交易成本、环境成本和代际成本等在内的“全成本”是一国参与国际分工和贸易的比较优势的基础。在以“国际贸易的全成本”为基础的国际分工中，一国政府应以个体理性与集体理性、短期理性与长期理性的相容和统一为目标，以外部成本内部化为基本手段，同时扮演“守夜者”“规制者”“调节者”“守望者”等四大角色，从而谋求贸易增长、技术进步、制度创新、生态环境保护和可持续发展的有机统一。

英文摘要：

The new progress of international trade theory and practice indicate that “full cost” which includes production costs, transaction costs, environmental costs and inter-generational costs is the comparative advantage foundation of a country participating in international division of labor and international trade. In the international division of labor based on “full cost of international trade”, the government of a country should promote the compatibility and the uniform between individual rationality and collective rationality, between short-term rationality and long-term rationality. The government should take “ internalizing the external costs”as the basic means, and play the part of “night watchman”, “regulator”, “adjuster” and “lookout”at the same time to seek the organic unity of trade growth, technical progress, institutional innovation, ecological environment protection and sustainable development.