中文摘要：

近年来,全球城镇化的迅猛发展和经济的快速增长,导致土地退化等生态环境日益严重,促使人们意识到生态环境保护和生态文明建设对可持续发展的基础性作用。生态承载力成为了评估可持续发展的重要方法与研究生态环境问题的重要工具。本文在梳理相关文献的基础上,总结和概括了生态承载力的内涵、主要评估方法以及热点研究领域,分析了生态承载力研究的不足,展望了生态承载力研究的发展趋势。在内涵上,主要从环境变化、人类对于生态系统影响和生态系统整体承载三个视角对生态承载力内涵进行了梳理;在主要评估方法上,按内涵界定的三个视角对生态足迹法、基于生态系统服务的方法、净初级生产力法、状态空间法、能值生态足迹法、系统动力学方法、耦合模型进行了分类,对比分析了不同评估方法的优劣及适用条件;生态承载力的研究领域随着研究地深入逐渐渗透到土地、流域、生态脆弱区、旅游和城市综合系统等领域之中。目前,生态承载力的研究还存在着缺乏适用于较大尺度的指标阈值的厘定标准、动态监测及预警研究不够深入、科技条件等驱动因素考虑不全面等不足。未来,大尺度跨境区域及生态脆弱区的生态承载力评估、生态预警平台的构建以及生态承载力与区域主导性产业的一致性评估等方面可能成生态承载力研究的新发展方向。

英文摘要：

In recent years, rapid global urbanization accompanied by rapid economic growth has resulted in increasingly serious eco-environmental problems such as land degradation and pollution. As a society, we are gradually realizing the role of environmental protection and ecologically-focused construction in promoting sustainable development. As an important method for assessing sustainable development, ecological carrying capacity（ECC） has become a powerful tool for investigating sustainable development and assessing eco-environmental problems. Based on results from a large number of previous studies in this discipline, we summarized and generalized the implications, main assessment methods, and key research domains of ECC. Deficiencies and future trends in ECC research are identified. In terms of implications, ECC can be roughly defined into the perspectives of environmental change, human effects on ecological systems, and holistic ecological systems. The primary assessment methods and models can be classified in accordance with these three perspectives, including ecological footprint method, ecosystem-services-based method, net primary productivity method, situation space method, energetic ecological footprint model, system dynamics model, and coupling model. We compared the advantages and disadvantage of different methods and analyzed their applicable conditions. As ECC research has advanced, related studies have gradually extend to land systems, watershed systems, ecologically vulnerable areas, tourism systems, and urban comprehensive systems, which have solved relevant eco-environmental problems based on ECC assessments. Currently, ECC research lacks a standard definition for the ECC index threshold, research related to dynamic monitoring and early warning, sufficient consideration of scientific and technological drivers, and spatial pattern analyses. Future trends in ECC-related research should provide a large-scale assessment of cross-border areas and ecological vulnerable areas, construct an ecological warn