中文摘要：

对采自海南省三亚亚龙湾国家森林公园,湖北省神农架大九湖湿地和黑龙江省兴凯湖湿地的硅藻标本进行分类学研究,发现异极藻属植物中国新记录5种,分别是狭状披针异极藻（Gomphonema acidoclinatum LangeBertalot＆Reichardt）、矛形异极藻（Gomphonema hasta D.Metzeltin）、林氏异极藻（Gomphonema kobayashiae Metzeltin＆Lange-Bertalot）、宽缘异极藻（Gomphonema latipes E.Reichardt）和隐形异极藻（Gomphonema occultum Reichardt＆Lange-Bertalot）。对相似种类之间的形态差异进行比较,为中国异极藻属植物的分类学研究提供基本资料。

英文摘要：

Aglae samples were collected from Yalong Bay Forest Park of Hainan Province,Dajiu Lake Wetland of Hubei Province and Xingkai Lake Wetland of Heilongjiang Province.Taxonomical research was done on the diatom.Five species of Gomphonema（Bacillariophyta）were reported as the newly recorded taxa of China in this paper.They are Gomphonema acidoclinatum Lange-Bertalot Reichardt,Gomphonema hasta Metzeltin,Gomphonema kobayashiae Metzeltin Lange-Bertalot,Gomphonema latipes Reichardt and Gomphonema occultum Reichardt Lange-Bertalot.Comparative descriptions of morphological features among similar species were given.