中文摘要：

非组蛋白的赖氨酸和精氨酸残基上的甲基化修饰已经被证明是一种普遍的蛋白质翻译后修饰方式，在生命活动中发挥重要作用．甲基化修饰方式的多样性以及它们与其他修饰之间的交互作用（crosstalk）复杂但精细地调控了基因表达、蛋白质活性及稳定性、DNA复制及基因组稳定性、RNA加工等多种功能．本文将对非组蛋白的甲基化修饰特征进行总结，归纳近些年来已报道的甲基化修饰酶、修饰位点及这些位点的生物学功能，并将特别阐述不同蛋白质修饰之间的交互作用，概述鉴定非组蛋白甲基化修饰的方法．

英文摘要：

Non-histone methylations on lysine or arginine residues have been proved to be a common fashion of post-translational modification on proteins. The diversity of methylation on different proteins or different modifying modes, such as adding one, two, or three methyl groups, dynamically affects extensive biological outcomes, including gene expression, protein activities, protein stabilities, DNA replication, genome stability, RNA processing and so on. In the manuscript, we summarized the features of protein methylation and recent progress in non-histone methylation modifiers, identified methylation sites, as well as their corresponding biological functions. Particularly, crosstalk between methylation and other types of post-translational modifications and advances in defining non-histone methylation approaches will be highlighted.