中文摘要：

目的采用fMRI技术研究语言前耳聋手语者自幼学习中国手语后功能脑区的变化。方法对14例语言前耳聋手语者（Ⅰ组）、13例正常听力不懂手语者（Ⅱ组）、11例正常听力语言前学习手语者（Ⅲ组）及12例正常听力语言后学习手语者（ⅣV组）分别给予观察和模仿手语任务，同时采用1．5TMRI仪采集受试对象的解剖像、功能像及三维全脑结构像．采用AFNI软件进行数据处理及分析，统计各组受试者激活脑区的体积。结果4组受试者观察与模仿手语时共同激活的脑区包括双侧额中回、颞中回、顶上小叶、楔叶、梭状回及舌状回。Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组受试者双侧额下回有激活，Ⅱ组无激活，Ⅰ组和Ⅲ组双侧颞上回和顶下小叶有激活，其他2组无激活。双侧额下回的激活体积Ⅰ组大于Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组，双侧颞上回Ⅰ组大于Ⅲ组，双侧顶上小叶、楔叶、舌状回Ⅰ组大于其他3组。4组受试者模仿手语比观察手语时激活的脑区多，而且Ⅰ组受试者模仿手语时双侧额下回、顶上小叶、左侧颞中回激活体积比观察手语时大。各组受试者观察和模仿手语时双侧半球对称脑区激活体积差别无统计学意义。结论语言前耳聋手语者丧失听力自幼学习手语后，其功能脑区发生重组，语言功能脑区在观察和模仿手语时均有激活；他们的双侧次级听觉皮层和听觉联合区在无听觉传人时转向对视觉的处理，而初级听觉皮层不参与重组；视觉中枢对手语视觉刺激比正常听力者敏感。语言前耳聋手语者功能脑区的重组与手语经验有关，但主要原因是丧失听力效应。

英文摘要：

Objective To observe the changes of functional cortex in prelingual deaf singers（PDS） for Chinese sign language（CSL） by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging（ fMRI）. Methods Fourteen PDS （group Ⅰ ）, thirteen hearing non -signers （HnS, group Ⅱ} , eleven hearing native signers（HNS, group Ⅲ） and twelve hearing late signers（HLS, group Ⅳ} were scanned on 1.5T MRⅠ scanner while they observed and imitated CSL. Then the AFNⅠ software was applied to find the area of activation and the volume across subjects was calculated. Results During observing and imitating CSL, the activated areas in all groups included middle frontal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, cuneate lobe, fusiform gyrus and lingual gurus. The activation of inferior frontal gyrus was found in group Ⅰ , and Ⅳ, but not in group Ⅱ. The activation of superior temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule was found in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ, but not in the others. The volume of inferior frontal gyrus in group Ⅰ was greater than that in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ. The volume of superior temporal gyrus in group Ⅰ was greater than that in group Ⅲ. The volume of superior parietal lobule, cuneate lobe and lingual gurus in group Ⅰ was greater than that in other groups. The activation areas during imitating CSL were more than those during observing CSL. The volume of bilateral inferior frontal gyri, superior parietal lobules and left middle temporal gyrus in imitating task was greater than that in observing task in group Ⅰ. There were no statistical differences about the volume in the symmetrical functional cortex in all groups during observing and imitating tasks. Conclusion The functional cortex in PDS has occurred reorganization, after losing their audition and learning the CSL. The activation of linguistic cortex can be found during oberserving and imitating CSL in PDS. The secondary auditory cortex and association areas turn to take part in processing of visual language when no auditory afference o