中文摘要：

人造水凝胶普遍存在结构不规整的问题，即交联点无序性分布和链节长短不一。这就导致人造水凝胶存在机械性能差、响应速度慢、溶胀之后回复性不好等缺点，大大限制了其在生物医学和工业等领域的应用范围。然而，生物凝胶却普遍具有规整的微结构和优异的性能。制备具有规整结构的水凝胶已经成为一个具有挑战性的重要课题。本文综述了制备具有规整结构的高强度水凝胶的研究进展。

英文摘要：

Artificial hydrogels generally do not have well-defined structures, i. e., the random distribution of crosslinking points and chain length, which leads to their weak mechanical strength,low swelling rate and irreversible swelling, and hence strongly impede their biomedical and industrial applications. However, biological hydrogels usually have well-defined structures and excellent performances. Therefore, the fabrication of hydrogels with well-defined structures has become a hot and challenging research topic in recent years. Here we review the recent developments in the fabrication of hydrogels with ordered structure and high mechanical strength.