中文摘要：

在过去的几十年中,等离子纳米粒子,尤其是金纳米粒子（AuNPs）,由于其独特的局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）特性,金纳米颗粒非常适合高度传导定域在表面的化学或物理刺激产生的光信号,已被广泛应用于生物检测与成像。包括单细胞光谱分析与成像。基于光吸收和弹性光学方法散射,阐述了利用光谱方法进行的单细胞光学探测的进展应用和纳米系统表现出新的特性。论述了基于AuNPs的细胞内环境光谱分析与探测,对在单细胞水平上进行的细胞动态实时测量的基本原则和与光互动独特的相关方法进行了描述。重点放在单细胞光谱检测的原则、方法及这些方法的优点和挑战,并阐述了最近在这一领域的研究进展,内容包括细胞和亚细胞环境的探测、细胞应答诱导细胞凋亡过程探测、生物分子识别和量化、药物传递及释放、癌症诊断及治疗等。给出了未来的挑战和努力方向。

英文摘要：

Because of special local surface plasmon resonance（LSPR）property,plasma nanoparticles,especially gold nanoparticles（AuNPs）,AuNPs particles have high conductivity of optical signals localized on the surface from physical or chemical irritants.In the past decades,it has been widely used in biological detection and imaging including single cells spectral analysis and cell imaging based on optical properties of gold nanoparticles.Developments of optical detection and spectroscopy methods for single cell are key advances for applications and fundamental understanding of the novel properties exhibited with nanosize systems.These methods are reviewed,focusing on optical approaches based on light absorption and elastic scattering.In this paper,environment detection and imaging of the cells based on gold nanoparticles is reviewed.Cell dynamic real-time measurement at single cell level with the basic principles and unique related methods about the interaction between light and cell is discussed.The principle and method spectral analysis of single cell test and the advantages of these methods and challenges are focused,and describes the recent progress in the research of this field,such as probing cellular and subcellular environments,monitoring cellular response and cell deathinduction,biomolecule identification and quantification,drug action and release,and cancerous diagnosis and treatment.Finally the study reflects future developing directions.