中文摘要：

植物抗冻蛋白是避免植物寒害冻害发生的重要物质,相对而言,极地的鱼类和昆虫的抗冻蛋白具有低热滞活性和高重结晶抑制活性的特征。冰核活性蛋白是由冰核活性细菌、真菌或昆虫合成的生物冰核剂,降温初期可提高水溶液的冰核形成的温度,温度过低时可降低水的过冷却点。比较分析了抗冻蛋白和冰核蛋白的生物学特性、蛋白特征及其对水分子固液两相间变化的调控机制,这对于揭示植物抗冻性能的复杂的作用机制和植物抗冻基因工程应用的研究有着重要的意义。

英文摘要：

Plant antifreeze protein is a kind of important materials which avoid cold and frozen damage. Compared with fishes and insects in polar region, plant antifreeze proteins have low hysteresis activity and inhibitory activity of high recrystallization. Ice nucleoproteins are biological ice nuclei agent of active bacteria, fungi and insects, which increase aqueous solution temperature of ice nuclei formation in early cooling stage, and decrease super cooling point of water temperature. Biological and protein characteristics of antifreeze protein and ice nucleoprotein, regulatory mechanism of solid-liquid phase changes of water molecules were analyzed, which was of great significance in revealing complicated antifreeze mechanism and plant antifreeze applications of genetic engineering researches.