中文摘要：

具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能的胚胎干（ES）细胞及诱导多能干（iPS）细胞在再生医学领域有着巨大的应用潜力。目前获得多能干细胞的效率依然偏低，与干性获得及维持相关的调控机制尚不十分明确，严重制约了多能干细胞的进一步研究与应用。近年的研究表明，microRNAs（miRNAs）不仅在ES细胞增殖分化、维持多能性方面具有重要的调控作用，存诱导体细胞形成iPS细胞的过程中也扮演着重要角色。有关miRNAs在Es细胞以及iPS细胞的表达与调控研究的新进展，为多能干细胞的进一步研究提供了新思路与新方法。本文侧重就miRNAs存ES细胞和iPS细胞的表达及其在细胞增殖分化、干性维持等方面的功能进行综述，以供相关研究参考。

英文摘要：

Embryonic stem（ES） cells and induced pluripotent stem（iPS） cells hold immense promise for the regenerative medicine due to their self-renewal and potential ability for differentiation. The isolation of either ES or iPS cell still remains at low efficiency, and the mechanism regarding the maintenance of self-renewal and pluripotency has not been clear so far. Recent studies show that microRNAs（miRNAs） possibly play essential role in the self-renewal and pluripotency of both ES and iPS cells. These findings provide new insights into the research process of stem cells. In this review, the expression of miRNAs as well as their roles in cell proliferation and pluripotent maintenance in both ES and iPS cells will be focused, furnishing a reference for related studies.