中文摘要：

利用1850—2009年Hadley气候中心的月平均海平面气压（Sea Level Pressure,SLP）场资料（SLP2r）,按统一方法定义和计算了北半球冬季5个大气活动中心（Atmospheric Center of Action,ACA）—冰岛低压（ICelandic Low,LIC）、北大西洋高压（North Atlantic subtropical High,HNA）、蒙古高压（MOngolian High,HMO）、阿留申低压（ALeutian Low,LAL）和北太平洋高压（North Pacific subtropical High,HNP）的160 a季（月）环流指数序列,分析了它们的变化特征及其与我国气候异常的关系。结果表明：1）5个ACA冬季、1月的强度指数P均与面积指数S强正相关,二者不独立,P和位置指数λc、φc不完全独立。2）HNA、LAL在160 a间和近年来（1950—2009年）均显著增强,HM O在160 a间亦显著增强,而LIC则在近年来显著增强。3）LIC和HNA均经历了弱→强→弱→强的变化过程,强弱转折时段大致相当。HMO强度变化大致可分为三个阶段：1850—1910年偏弱,1910—1940＇s中期变化较平缓,1940＇s末—2009年偏强。LAL大致上经历了弱→强→弱→强的变化过程,1856—1895年、1945—1973年偏弱,1895—1945年、1973—2009年偏强。HNP的阶段性变化不明显。4）影响中国冬季气候及异常的ACA主要是HMO,在HMO强年,全国（除西南地区外）冬季气温偏低,四川和华北局部地区降水偏多;其次是位于上游的LIC、HNA,在LIC、HNA强年,我国＂三北＂部分地区气温偏高;而LAL、HNP对中国气候异常的影响则相对弱。

英文摘要：

Based on the Hadley Climtae Center monthly mean sea level pressure（ SLP） dataset（ SLP2r）from 1850 to 2009,this paper defines and calculates the circulation indices of five atmospheric centers of action（ ACAs）,including Icelandic low（ LIC）,North Atlantic subtropical high（ HNA）,Mongolian high（ HMO）,Aleutian low（ LAL） and North Pacific subtropical high（ HNP） in winter season over the North-ern Hemisphere,and analyzes the abnormal features of five ACAs and their relationship with climate anomaly in China. The main conclusions are as follows： 1） The intensity index（ P） of five ACAs in winter and January are positively correlated with the area index（ S）,so they are not independent. The P and the center position index（ λc,φc） are not completely independent. 2） HNA and LAL increase significantly in both160 years（ from 1850 to 2009） and recent years（ from 1950 to 2009）. HM O also increases significantly in 160 years,w hile LIC enhances significantly in recent years. 3） LIC and HNA experience the four similar stages of w eak,strong,w eak and strong. The P index of HM O can be divided into three stages. HM O is w eak during 1850—1910,changes slow ly from 1910 to the middle of 1940＇s,and is strong from the end of 1940＇s to 2009. LAL is w eak from 1856 to 1895 and from 1945 to 1973,and is strong from 1895 to 1945 and from 1973 to 2009. The stage change of HNP is not obvious. 4） HM O is the main ACA that affects w inter climate and anomaly over China. In the positive phase of HM O,the temperature is low er in China（ except the southw estern China）,and the precipitation is higher over Sichuan and some areas of North China in w inter. LIC and HNA,w hich locate in the upstream of China,are secondary ACAs that affects on w inter climate anomaly in China. When LIC and HNA are stronger,the temperature is higher in some areas of Northeast China,North China and Northw est China. The impacts of LAL and HNP on climate anomaly in China are relatively w eak.