中文摘要：

出口目的地会影响企业生产率吗？何种类型的企业会在出口目的地的选择中受益？文章在新新贸易理论的基础上,试图进一步解释中国企业生产率持续增长的原因。文章采用中国工业企业数据和中国海关进出口数据的合并数据,运用倾向评分匹配和倍差法解决样本选择的内生性问题,系统考察了出口市场转变对企业生产率的影响。研究表明：（1）与只出口到发展中国家的企业相比,企业出口目的地由发展中国家转向发达国家后,生产率得到了更大幅度的提高,在运用两阶段最小二乘法控制计量模型的内生性问题后,检验结果依然稳健;（2）民营企业和多产品企业在出口目的地由发展中国家转向发达国家后,其生产率提升更为明显,而且出口阅历的积累更有利于企业出口学习效应的发挥和创新能力的提高。文章结论对中国企业的出口目的地选择以及不同类型企业生产率的提升具有重要的启示。

英文摘要：

Does export destination affect enterprise productivity？ Which type of enter- prises would benefit from the choice of export destination？ Based on new-new trade theo- ry, this paper attempts to further explain the mystery of continuous growth of Chinese en- terprise productivity. Using merged data of China＇s industrial enterprises and import- export trade, it employs propensity score matching and difference in difference methods to solve the endogeneity of sample selection and systematically investigates the effect of ex- port market changes on enterprise productivity. It arrives at the results as follows, firstly, compared with enterprises only exported to developing countries, enterprise export desti- nation from developing countries to developed countries improves productivity to a large extent; after controlling endogeneity problems by using two-stage least squares method, the test results are still robust; secondly, private and multi-product enterprises gain more productivity enhancement owing to the change in enterprise export destination from devel- oping to developed countries, and export experience is more conducive to the exertion of learning effect and innovation capability of export enterprises. This paper has important implications for the choice of export destination of China＇s enterprises and the productivity promotion of different types of enterprises.