中文摘要：

背景：大负荷运动可诱导骨骼肌骨架蛋白的解聚或降解,改变骨骼肌的超微结构,影响骨骼肌的收缩活动。目的：观察大负荷运动和针刺对骨骼肌微管的影响,并探讨运动和针刺在骨骼肌损伤和修复中的作用及其机制。方法：选用8周龄SD雄性大鼠138只,分为一次性运动组114只和长期训练训练组24只。一次性运动组又分为4个亚组：安静对照组6只、运动组36只、针刺组36只和运动针刺组36只。一次性运动实验是大鼠完成一次中大强度下坡跑运动,在运动后施以针刺,根据运动和/或针刺后0,6,12,24,48和72 h点取材。长期训练实验是大鼠完成为期3周的下坡跑训练,并在每次运动后施以针刺,最后一次训练后的24 h取材。方法检测各组比目鱼肌α-tubulin和微管结合蛋白4的蛋白表达。结果与结论：（1）一次运动后：α-tubulin蛋白表达一过性表达下调,微管结合蛋白4蛋白表达一过性表达上调;（2）一次运动后针刺：减小了α-tubulin和微管结合蛋白4蛋白表达的变化量;（3）3周训练后：α-tubulin蛋白表达有升高趋势,微管结合蛋白4蛋白表达显著下调,针刺的干预显著减小了微管结合蛋白4蛋白表达的变化量;（4）结果显示：大负荷运动可诱导骨骼肌微管解聚,而针刺干预可缓解微管的损伤。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Heavy load exercises can induce the ultrastructural changes in the skeletal muscle by the depotymerization and/or degradation of tubulin in the skeletal muscle, thereby lessening contraction activities of the skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effects of heavy load exercise and acupuncture on tubulin levels, and to analyze their roles and mechanisms in skeletal muscle injury and repair. METHODS： 138 mate Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into acute exercise group （n=114） and long-term exercise group （n=24）. The acute exercise group included four subgroups： sedentary group （n=6）, exercise group （n=36）, acupunctured group （n=36） and exercise plus acupuncture group （n=36）. In the acute exercise experiment, rats were acupunctured after a medium-large intensity downhill running. Rat＇s soleus samples were taken immediately, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after exercise and/or acupuncture. In the long-term exercise experiment, rats underwent exercise and acupuncture for 3 weeks, and rat＇s soleus samples were collected at 24 hours after the last training. Expressions of a-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 4 （MAP4） in the soleus were detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： After acute exercise, expression of a-tubulin and MAP4 was up- or down-regulated transiently. After acute exercise combined with acupuncture, the protein expressions of a-tubulin and MAP4 changed slightly, However, the long-term exercise induced an increase in o-tubulin protein expression, while a significant decrease in MAP4 protein expression. It was worth noting that acupuncture treatment reduced long-term exercise-induced variations of MAP4 expression. These results suggest that the heavy load exercise can induce the depolymerization of tubulins in the skeletal muscle, and acupuncture may relieve this effect.