中文摘要：

科学数据的开放获取日益成为科学交流的新趋势。美国、英国以及众多国际组织与研究机构都就科学数据开放获取问题，积极建立政策保障与管理机制，并在政策指导下广泛推行相关服务与实践。其政策举措主要围绕科学数据交流渠道各环节，集中体现在数据开放资助、数据质量控制、数据合法保护、数据保存以及数据共享利用五大方面。

英文摘要：

Open access to scientific data has increasingly become a new trend of scientific communication. The United States, the United Kingdom and many international organizations and research institutions have taken vigorous measures in formulating supporting policies and management mechanisms around this issue, and under the guidance of these policies, many related services and practices have been pursued. These policies and measures mainly focus on each link of scientific data communication channels, embodying in 5 major aspects： funding, data quality con- trol, data legal protection, data preservation and data sharing.