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全球升温对中国区域温度纬向梯度的影响

ISSN号：1000-0690
期刊名称：《地理科学》
时间：0
分类：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
作者机构：[1]渭南师范学院地理研究所,陕西渭南714000, [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰芯与寒区环境重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000, [3]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100029
相关基金：由中国科学院创新团队国际合作伙伴计划（CXTD-Z2005-2）、国家自然科学重点基金和面上项目（90511007、40371026、90302006）、国家基金委“创新群体”（40121101）、中国科学院“百人计划”（2004401）等项目资助.

作者：卢爱刚[1,2], 庞德谦[1], 何元庆[2,3], 庞洪喜[2], 院玲玲[2]

关键词：全球升温, 纬度效应, 温度梯度, 原因, global warming, latitude effects, temperature gradients

中文摘要：

利用中国气象中心160站点的实际观察资料，对中国半个世纪的气温变化分时间段进行了计算分析。用各个站点52年的气温序列斜率与纬度和海拔分别做了相关分析，发现气温变化幅度和纬度有着很好的相关性，特别是在冬季；但气温变化和海拔没有相关性。另外，通过对不同季节的温度变化情况进行计算和纬向分析，发现随着全球气温的持续上升，气温的纬向梯度在变小，变化的幅度是冬季大、夏季小，高纬度地区大、低纬度地区小。最后指出造成气温纬度梯度减小的主要原因是大陆度随纬度的不同分布。

英文摘要：

Global warming or any climate change may cause changes in other geographical elements, including changes in sea level, amount and pattern of precipitation, climate patterns and various other forms of climate change. Such changes can trigger various detrimental effects by causing flood, drought, heat wave, reduction of agricultural yield or in extreme circumstances, and cause mass extinction. The temperature variation in China is so complicated that even the temperature trends are completely different in the same period, with temperature increase trend in some areas but with temperature decrease trend in some other areas. So it is very significant to discover the global warming impacts in China and find the regional response laws to global warming. In this paper, the data set of 160 National Meteorological Observatory stations with long-term monthly temperature data for China has been analyzed to discover the warming pattern in China, i.e. finding the variation of temperature gradients in the past half century. By calculation and analysis, it is found that, with the global warming in the past half-century, the latitudinal temperature gradient became smaller and smaller, with a bigger magnitude in winter than in summer and a larger quantum in higher latitude than in lower latitude. The variation of the latitudinal temperature gradients in China is due to the different continentalities of the areas with different latitudes. And the stronger the continentality, the larger amplitude the temperature change will be. Also, it is found that the temperature changes of different seasons are asynchronous. Although human activities are contributing more and more to climate change, landforms and latitude effects seemed to be dominating factors influencing the spatial distribution of climate change of China in the 20th century.

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