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中文摘要：
通过对天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川进行连续4年（2004—2007年）冰川融水径流观测取样,应用数理统计、不同参数和模型比较等方法,对径流中总可溶性固体（TDS）和悬浮颗粒物（SPM）的特征及影响因素进行分析研究.结果表明,总体上冰川区径流中TDS和SPM与其它区域相比浓度较低,且随时间变化明显.TDS年际变化较小,年内变化表现为消融初期和末期浓度较高,消融强烈时浓度较低;SPM年际变化较大,年内变化与TDS呈相反的变化趋势.气温和降水通过影响径流量来影响TDS和SPM的含量变化.气温较高,降水量较大时,径流量较大,径流中TDS浓度较低,SPM浓度较高.影响因素分析表明,径流中TDS主要受冰川融水、高山降水以及径流化学侵蚀影响,而SPM主要受流水侵蚀、冰川侵蚀和不溶粉尘等影响.
英文摘要：
High-altitude glacier is the main water resource in the Central Asia region.The study of characteristics on the glacier runoff has an important practical significance in the rational use and evaluation of the water resource in the area.Based on the TDS and SPM data of glacier runoff from the headwater of Urumqi River in Tian Shan,during the obtained period from 2004 to 2007,empirical statistics,different parameters and model comparison are used to explain the variation and their influence factors.Results show that the concentrations of TDS and SPM are lower than other regions and there are apparent variations for TDS and SPM with time.The year-by-year change of TDS is quite small,however its annual change is obvious,with higher concentrations in the early and later stages of the melt season and lower concentrations in the intensive melt period;SPM has large year-by-year change,and its annual variation is the reverse trend of TDS.The temperature and precipitation affect the variations of TDS and SPM by the discharge.There are lower concentration of TDS and higher concentration of SPM in the glacier runoff when the temperature is high and precipitation is large,which lead to large discharge.The analysis of the main influence factors on TDS and SPM suggests that TDS is mainly influenced by glacier meltwater,precipitation and chemical erosion,and SPM is mainly influenced by physical erosion and insoluble material supplied in ice-snow melt water.
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