中文摘要：

了解水分、氮素及其互作对水稻产量与水、氮利用效率的影响，对协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率有重要意义。本文概述了水稻节水灌溉技术、氮肥利用效率与氮肥施用技术、水分与氮素对水稻产量及水氮利用效率的耦合效应、作物-土壤关系及水氮调控机制等方面取得的进展；讨论了存在的问题，这些问题包括：高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应尚不明确；高产水稻水氮耦合与高效利用的分子机理不清楚；协同提高水稻产量与水氮利用效率的调控途径尚未掌握。针对这些问题，建议今后重点研究：高产水稻作物与土壤的水氮互作效应及其机制；水氮互作调控水稻吸收利用水分和氮素的生理与分子机理；协同提高水稻产量和水氮利用效率的调控途径与关键技术。

英文摘要：

Understanding the effects of water,nitrogen(N)and their interaction on the yield,water and N use efficiencies of rice would have great significance in synergistically realizing high yield,high water use efficiency(WUE)and high N use efficiency(NUE).This paper reviewed the advances achieved in water-saving irrigation techniques,NUE and N fertilizer application techniques,coupling effect of water and N on grain yield,WUE and NUE in rice,and crop-soil relationship and its mechanism regulated by water and N.The existing problems were discussed,i.e.,very limited work on synergistic interaction between water and N on the crop growth and soil quality;little information on the molecular mechanism that water and nitrogen interact on the efficient absorption and utilization of water and nitrogen in high-yielding rice;and yet to be established the crop-soil integrative management system for simultaneous increases in grain yield,WUE and NUE.Aiming to solve these problems,several important issues meriting further investigation were suggested,that is,the synergistic interaction between water and N on the crop and soil for high yield,high WUE and high NUE and its biological process,the physiological and molecular mechanism in which high-yielding rice absorbs and utilizes water and N efficiently,and crop-soil integrative approaches and key techniques to simultaneously increase grain yield,WUE,and NUE in rice.