中文摘要：

在这篇论文，从 1965 ～ 2004 的雪盖子和西藏的高原上的季节的结冰融化层的一个变化系列被从气象学的车站使用观察数据建立了。滑动 T 测试， M-K 测试和 B-G 算法被用来在西藏的高原验证雪盖子和季节的结冰融化层的突然的变化。结果证明雪盖子没经历一个突然的变化，但是季节的结冰融化层显然在 1987 见证快速的降级，与被大约 15 厘米减少的冻结的土壤深度。当在高原区域有更少的雪时，在华南和西南中国的降水增加，这也被发现。但是当冻结的土壤是深的时，在大多数中国的降水显然减少。高原上的雪盖子和季节的结冰融化层能被用来在中国预言夏天降水。然而，如果雪盖子的影响和季节的结冰融化层同时被使用，夏天降水的可预测性能显著地被改进。雪的重要关联地区位于贪求的长江的中间的活动范围 Hexi 走廊和东北内部蒙古，和季节的结冰融化层在南灵山，北 Shannxi 和诺思中国的西北的部分存在。雪盖子和季节的结冰融化层的同时的影响的重要关联地区比雪盖子或季节的结冰融化层的大。有三个重要关联地区，从北方延长到南方：北方地区从达克辛甘灵山传播到 Hexi 走廊，穿过北泰杭山和北 Shatmxi；中央地区盖住长江的中间、更低的活动范围；并且南方地区通过南灵山从怀伊山延长到云南和贵州高原。

英文摘要：

In this paper, a variation series of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer from 1965 to 2004 on the Tibetan Plateau has been established by using the observation data from meteorological stations. The sliding T-test, M-K test and B-G algorithm are used to verify abrupt changes of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer in the Tibetan plateau. The results show that the snow cover has not undergone an abrupt change, but the seasonal freeze-thaw layer obviously witnessed a rapid degradation in 1987, with the frozen soil depth being reduced by about 15 cm. It is also found that when there ~s less snow in the plateau region, precipitation in South China and Southwest China increases. But when the frozen soil is deep, precipitation in most of China apparently decreases. Both snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer on the plateau can be used to predict the summer precipitation in China. However, if the impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer are used at the same time, the predictability of summer precipitation can be significantly improved. The significant correlation zone of snow is located in middle reaches of the Yangtze River covering the Hexi Corridor and northeastern Inner Mongolia, and the seasonal freeze-thaw layer exists in Mt. Nanling, northern Shannxi and northwestern part of North China. The significant correlation zone of simultaneous impacts of snow cover and seasonal freeze-thaw layer is larger than that of either snow cover or seasonal freeze-thaw layer. There are three significant correlation zones extending from north to south： the north zone spreads from Mr. Daxinganling to the Hexi Corridor, crossing northern Mt. Taihang and northern Shannxi; the central zone covers middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; and the south zone extends from Mt. Wuyi to Yunnan and Guizhou Plateau through Mt. Nanling.