中文摘要：

对河套地区盐渍化土壤施用聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）后保水性、保肥性及最优产量下的水、肥及PAM的施用量组合进行了研究。采用正交试验设计对水、肥及产量各自特性进行详细分析,在整个生育期内研究了PAM施用层的含水率、土层深度为0～100cm的土壤碱解氮的动态变化规律及最优产量下所对应的各施用量的最佳组合。试验结果表明：经PAM处理的盐渍化土壤在其PAM施用层能够保持一定的水量,且随着PAM施用量的增加而增加;施用PAM处理的盐渍化土壤在PAM施用层能够保持一定的碱解氮且不易使碱解氮下移,未施PAM的4个灌水处理在不同程度上均下移至40cm左右,表明施用PAM明显抑制了氮素深层移动效应,起到了控制氮素淋失、防止土壤贫瘠的作用;而对于产量的分析,通过正交试验处理及SPSS主效应分析选取3因素最佳的施用量为：灌水量1 800m3/hm2、肥料为600kg/hm2、PAM量为18.75kg/hm2,可见PAM施用对盐渍化土壤节水、保肥效果明显,且PAM施用可对产量产生显著影响。该成果可用于指导盐渍化土壤合理的灌水量、施氮量及施用PAM后可显著提高葵花产量。

英文摘要：

In this paper,the water and fertilizer conservation of salinity soil in Hetao district after application of PAM（polyacrylamide）and the combination of water,fertilizer and PAM for the optimal output are studied.Through orthogonal experiment,the characteristics of water,fertilizer and PAM are analyzed in detail.During the whole growth period,the moisture content of PAM application layer,the dynamic change rule of available nitrogen in the soil of 0～100cm depth,and the corresponding combination for the optimal output are studied.The experimental results show that the salinity soil after PAM treatment can maintain a certain amount of water in the PAM application layer,and the maintenance ability increases with the increase of applying PAM quantity;the salinity soil after PAM treatment can maintain a certain amount of available nitrogen in the PAM application layer and make it not easy to move down,while the available nitrogen of all the four treatments without PAM application moves down to the 40 cm depth,which means that PAM obviously inhabits the deep-layer movement effect,has a effect of controlling nitrogen lost and preventing infertility of soil.For the analysis of production,through the orthogonal experiment and SPSS main effect analysis,the selected application quantity of the three factors for the optimal quantity is as follows：water 1 800 m3/hm2,fertilizer 600kg/hm2,PAM 18.75kg/hm2;it can be found that PAM application has obvious effect on the water-saving and fertilize-maintaining of salinity soil water,it also has significant impact on the production.The study results can be used to guide the selection of reasonable irrigation water quantity,nitrogen quantity and PAM quantity to enhance the production of sunflower.