中文摘要：

基于田间试验,研究了保水剂对土壤理化性质的长效性影响。结果表明,施用保水剂可明显增加土壤微团粒结构,增大土壤持水率和表层土壤pH。保水剂施用1～5年期间,表层土壤（0～10cm）中0.05～0.01mm粒径质量分数增加了0.81%～7.74%,0.01～0.005mm粒径质量分数减少;施用保水剂第3年时表层土壤0.05～0.01mm粒径质量分数提高最显著,且保水剂施用后第3年土壤的控水能力最强。施用保水剂0～10、10～20、20～40cm土层土壤持水率比对照增加6.54%、6.22%、8.50%,饱和含水率分别比对照增加了1.3%～30.7%、2.4%～28.7%和0.8%～21.7%,保水剂连续施用第3年性能最佳。

英文摘要：

The permanent effect of superabsorbent polymers on the physical and chemical characteristics of soil was studied based on field experiments. The result showed that. the content of soil micro-aggregates increased significantly, so did the water holding capacity and pH value. During the five years when the su- perabsorbent polymers were applied in soil, the content of soil surface aggregates （0.05-0.01 mm） in- creased by 0. 81%-7. 74% especially in the third year, while the content of aggregates（0.01-0. 005 mm） reduced; water holding capacity reached the maximum after superabsorbent polymers were applied for 3 years; during different stages with superabsorbent polymers, soil water holding capacity of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm in depth increased by 6.54%, 6.22% and 8.50% respectively , and saturated water contents increased by 1.3%-30. 7M, 2. 4%-28.7%, 0. 8%-21.7% compared with those without superabsorbent polymers. Superabsorbent polymers should be applied continuously in soil for three years.