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中文摘要：
简要综述了金属强度的晶粒尺寸效应和样品尺寸效应的研究历史和现状，揭示了它们的基本强化机制分别是增加位错运动的阻力和增加位错产生的难度．在一些纳米金属中发现这2种机制同时起作用，从而指出利用这2种机制调控纳米金属强塑性的可能性．这种可能性在纳米纯Al中得到了验证．
英文摘要：
The grain size effect and the specimen size effect on the strength of metals are briefly reviewed with respect to their history and current status of research. It is revealed that the fundamental strengthening mecha- nisms responsible for these two types of size effect are to increase the resistance to dislocation motion and to dislo- cation generation, respectively. It is shown that both strengthening mechanisms take place in some nanostructured metals, which leads to a suggestion to use these two mechanisms for optimizing the strength and ductility of nano- structured metals. This suggestion is verified by some results obtained in nanostructured pure aluminum.
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