中文摘要：

为揭示裁员对幸存者心理契约变化路径的影响及裁员综合症的发生过程,以不确定性规避的视角,用社会交换理论做逻辑基础,构建裁员降低幸存员工与企业的社会交换平衡进而影响心理契约的变化路径模型,梳理出情感交换、利益交换和混合交换等多个路径.通过问卷调研获取124家企业有关裁员与心理契约的数据,使用结构方程进行实证分析. 研究结果表明,在不确定性规避动机的引导下,裁员可显著降低幸存员工的工作满意度,增加离职倾向,导致幸存员工的情感和利益交换的低回报;基于社会交换的公平原则,员工会降低情感和利益投入,即降低组织承诺和工作投入,产生裁员后幸存员工低回报与低支出的新平衡;这种交换水平的低平衡状态最终影响员工的心理契约类型,导致员工与企业缔结更高程度的交易型契约和更低程度的关系型契约. 研究结果有助于企业认识裁员的副作用,并指导其对裁员方式和激励幸存员工做出谨慎决策.

英文摘要：

In recent years, the global economic downturn has a profound impact on enterprises employment system, and make layoffs become a common phenomenon.The intent of layoffs is to downsize staffs and improve efficiency, but it may produce the＂rest syndrome after a disaster＂ in the employees who are not downsized, thus leading to low morale and enterprise efficiency. A lot of literatures explain layoffs survivors′negative effects made by their psychological changing mainly based on the theory of attribute, fair and stress.In fact, the survivors themselves think that they will be downsized in the future, thus producing a high uncertain expectation.This is the source of ＂rest syndrome after a disaster＂, and it causes the survivors′psychological contract changing.But the related research mainly uses the independent variable of psychological contract violation to explain the negative effects of layoffs among the survivors.As a result, they avoid to analyzing survivors′psychological contract changing-paths that is rooted in uncertain avoidance.It just has limited help to understand the process of layoffs syndrome. In order to reveal the changing-paths of survivors′psychological contracts and the layoffs syndrome, the author constructs a model which contains the paths of ＂layoffs change survivors＂ attitude and behavior, and then influences the psychological contrac′based on the uncertainty avoidance and social exchange theory.This theory model figures out some clear paths about the emo-tions, interests and mixed exchange.Researchers obtain the layoffs information through the questionnaire survey.After structural equation model analysis（ SEM） , the researcher find that uncertainty avoidance causes survivors′lower job satisfaction and higher turnover intention significantly, leading to low emotion and interest exchange and thus producing a new balance of low returns and low expenditure.This means they will reduce their organizational commitments and job involvement.Low level of the exchange e-quilibr