中文摘要：

MircoRNAs（miRNAs）是一类进化上高度保守的重要的转录后调控因子，通过调节基因的表达而参与调控细胞死亡、增殖及分化等生理过程，同时与肿瘤等疾病的发生、发展密切相关。随着miRNAs基因以及靶基因结合位点的单核苷酸多态性（single nucleotide polymorphism，SNP）和miRNA相关基因SNP的生物预测和筛选技术的不断成熟，以及下一代测序技术在肿瘤基因组研究中的广泛应用，将发现大量新的miRNAs基因的SNP位点，这些miRNAs基因以及靶基因结合位点的SNP和miRNA相关基因的SNP与肿瘤等复杂疾病的易感及预后密切相关，通过检测miRNAs基因SNP或靶基因结合位点SNP或miRNA相关基因的SNP位点，即可进行肿瘤发病风险的判断和预后预测。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a class of highly evolutionarily conserved and important post-transcriptional regulatory factors, which are involved in most important physiological processes, such as cell death, proliferation, differentiation and cell survival by regulating the expression of genes. MiRNAs are closely related to the development of cancer and other diseases simultaneously. With the maturity of technology in biological prediction and screening for miRNAs genes, single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） of target gene binding sites and miRNA related SNP as well as the wide application of next-generation sequencing technology in cancer genome, numerousSNP gene sites located on the new miRNA will be identified. These miRNAs genes, SNP of target gene binding sites, miRNA related SNP are closely associated with the susceptibility and survival of tumor, which can be Used to predict risk of tumor and forecast prognosis.