中文摘要：

反事实思维指对现实在心理上的替代性模拟.反事实思维与人格特质存在密切的关系,对反事实思维的方向、数量、合理性/可能性、对象的指向性、类型与人格特质的关系进行述评,并对相关研究中涉及的样本、方法、变量及结论进行梳理及总结.以后的研究应关注反事实思维与人格特质的关系研究的拓展,可以考虑使用不同的研究方法和范式,例如通过纵向研究来探索二者的关系;可以探讨时间洞察力与反事实思维的关系.未来研究应加强反事实思维与人格特质关系研究的应用,包括招聘、选拔和心理咨询等领域.

英文摘要：

Counterfactual thinking refers to the mental simulation of alternatives to reality. Counterfactual thinking and the personality traits are closely related. The relationship between counterfactual thinking （direction, amount, reasonability/ possibility, referent, and type） and personality traits was reviewed. Furthermore, the samples, methods, variables and conclusions in related researches were summarized. The aim is to clarify the characteristics of the counterfactual thinking for different people of different personality traits and to study the relationship between the counterfactual thinking and the personality traits in depth. Further studies should focus on expanding the relationship between counterfactual thinking and the personality traits; strengthening the application of the relationship between the counterfactual thinking and the personality traits. Longitudinal studies should be taken into account. And the relationship between the counterfactual thinking and the time perspective is necessary to be studied. The application area includes recruitment, promotion and psychological consultation.