中文摘要：

概述：注意缺陷多动障碍（attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder，ADHD）是全球常见的儿童精神障碍，通常包括注意力不集中和多动／冲动的症状。一般认为遗传因素在ADHD的发生和发展过程中起到重要作用，因此展开了很多针对该障碍遗传机制中病因或影响因素的候选基因研究和全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。本文就在中国大陆开展的以及在其他地方开展的使用汉族华人样本的ADHA基因关联研究和药理学研究做了一个综述。迄今为止，上述研究依然没有明确结论，所以将来的研究需要考虑其他的分析技术来验证这种致残性障碍发生和发展过程中神经传递和神经发育之间关联的新生物学假说。

英文摘要：

Summary： Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） is a common psychiatric condition in children worldwide that typically includes a combination of symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Genetic factors are believed to be important in the development and course of ADHD so many candidate genes studies and genome-wide association studies （GWAS） have been conducted in search of the genetic mechanisms that cause or influence the condition. This review provides an overview of gene- association and pharmacogenetic studies of ADHD from mainland China and elsewhere that use Han Chinese samples. To date, studies from China and elsewhere remain inconclusive so future studies need to consider alternative analytic techniques and test new biological hypotheses about the relationship of neurotransmission and neurodevelopment to the onset and course of this disabling condition.