中文摘要：

政府与市场是可作用于资源配置的两种方式。纵观世界经济的发展史，英、美、德、日等发达国家是成功实现由传统农业经济向现代工业经济转型的国家，政府和市场对资源的配置作用强度呈有规律的交替演进。在现代化进程初期，政府对资源配置发挥着主导作用，随着市场机制的健全，政府的资源配置作用逐渐减弱，市场对资源的配置作用则正好相反。“东亚模式”的成功和“拉美模式”的失败，并不在于东亚没有干预，而是在于东亚经济体政府干预比拉美政府干预更加有效。跨越五百年的经济史表明，发达国家倡导的市场自由化而形成的产业分工只能使后发国家更加依附于发达国家，囿于产业价值链的底端。后发国家赶超发达国家的秘诀是政府积极作为，抓住机遇直接切入具有报酬递增的高质量经济活动，是后发国家实现超赶的捷径。

英文摘要：

Government and market are the two kinds of resource allocation. In the history of world economic development, the resource allocation leading roles of government and market are regular alternating in the developed countries, such as England, America, German and Japan, which have successfully transited from traditional agricultural economy to modern industrial economy. In early modernization, government plays the leading role of resource allocation. With the market mechanism increasingly stronger, the role of government is weakening while the role of market is just the opposite. The success of ＂East Asian model＂ and failure of ＂Latin American model＂ not depend on the lack of governmentintervention in East Asian economies, but on the more effective intervention than in the Latin America. Economic history spanning five hundred years shows that the industrial division caused by market liberalization that advocated by developed countries may make developing countries more attached to the developed countries, which keeps the developing countries in the bottom of value chain of industry. The secret of the latecomer countries to surpass the advanced developed countries is that an active government. To directly engage in high quality economic activities with increasing returns, it is the shortcut of latecomer countries to surpass the advanced developed countries.