中文摘要：

耐酸微生物是指那些可在低pH环境中生存的微生物，主分布在含硫的温泉和土壤、红树林根际土壤、金属矿山土壤及矿水等环境中。它们具有特殊的生物代谢途径，能够产生具有抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗炎和抗甲型流感病毒H1N1等生物活性的新结构。本文总结了1971年12月-2016年12月间报道的62个新的耐酸微生物酸胁迫天然产物，包括其来源、结构与生物活性。结果表明，耐酸微生物酸胁迫天然产物的出新率为65％、活性率达68％，是一类潜在的药用生物资源，值得深入研究。

英文摘要：

The aciduric microbes are those grown well under low pH conditions where the common microbes cannot survive. This kind of special microbes mainly distributed in the hot spring and soil, mangrove rhizosphere soil, metal mine soil and mineral water, etc. Due to the unique metabolic pathway induced by acidic niches, these organisms could produce new natural products （NPs） with diverse bioactivities such as anti-microbial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-influenza H1N1 virus, etc. This paper reviewed 62 new microbial NPs under the acidic conditions from the first example, hopene-b reported in 1971, to the present. The results showed that the rate of the new microbial NPs is 65% and the activity rate of the new microbial NPs reaches to 68% under acid stress. The aciduric microbes are a kind of potential resources for drug discovery and worth more attention.