中文摘要：

目的了解该院血液感染患者病原菌的分布及耐药性,为血液感染的经验性用药提供参考依据。方法对该院2012~2014年的血液感染病例进行回顾性调查,血培养采用BD bactec血培养系统,菌株的鉴定及药敏试验使用Microscan walkaway 40,数据分析采用WHONET5.6软件。结果血液感染病例科室分布排前4位的依次为消化内科、肺病科、骨科和外科,分别占25.20%、19.60%、14.70%和10.50%。病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,分布排前3位的依次为大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和非发酵菌属,分别占44.10%、13.30%和7.69%。革兰阳性菌中分布排前3位的依次为凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和肠球菌,分别占12.58%、9.09%和7.69%。大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌的ESBLs阳性率分别为45.5%和60.8%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌（MRCNS）检出率为55.5%,氧西林的金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为58.0%。结论该院血液感染病例来自不同病区,消化科居多,病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,治疗应根据细菌耐药情况合理使用抗菌药物。

英文摘要：

Objective To understand the pathogenic distribution and drug resistance in the patients with blood infections in our hospital to provide reference for the empirical medication of blood infections.Methods The cases of blood infections in our hospital during the period 2012-2014 were performed the retrospective investigation.The BD Bactec blood culture system was adopted to conduct the blood culture.The bacterial strain identification and susceptibility test was conducted by using the Microscan Walkaway40 and the data were analyzed by adopting the WHONET5.6software.Results The top four of department distribution in blood infections were the digestive system department,lung diseases department,orthopedic department and surgery department,accounting for 25.20%,19.60%,14.70% and 10.50% respectively.The pathogens were mainly Gram negative bacteria,and the top three were Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and non fermenting bacteria,accounting for 44.10%,13.30% and 7.69% respectively.The top three of Gram positive bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus,accounting for 12.58%,9.09% and 7.69% respectively.The positive rates of ESBL in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were45.5%and 60.8%respectively.The detection rate of methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci（MRCNS）was 55.5%,which of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus（MRSA）was 58.0%.Conclusion The cases of blood infections in our hospital come from different wards areas,and the digestive system department is in the majority mostly.The pathogenic bacteria are dominated by Gram negative bacteria,and the treatment should rationally use the antibacterial drugs according to the bacteria drug resistance situation.