生态学马克思主义和生态女性主义均为产生于20世纪70年代西方重要生态思潮,都孕育于当时西方社会蓬勃发展的环境运动.两者都反对主客二分的机械自然观,都重视环境实践并关注环境正义,并主张未来理想社会人与自然和谐相处.在考察生态危机根源时,生态学马克思主义从科学技术、经济理性、价值观念等维度出发,主张从资本主义制度进行深度挖掘;生态女性主义则主要从文化视角透视生态危机,认为其根源于西方父权制文化.在解决生态危机的途径上,生态学马克思主义遵循制度批判和价值批判相结合的思路,主张建立全新生态社会主义社会;生态女性主义则采取一种思想文化进路,强调只有恢复女性原则才能彻底解决生态危机.在对人类中心主义的看法上,早期生态学马克思主义者深受生态中心主义的影响,后期生态学马克思主义者坚持重返人类中心主义立场,主张为马克思主义的人类中心主义正名;生态女性主义则强调生态中心主义价值观,强烈反对人类中心主义,尤其反对男性中心主义.在社会实践中,生态学马克思主义理论指导了生态社会主义运动,成为西方新社会运动组成部分;生态女性主义发出了女性在生态问题上的声音,重视理论与实践的紧密结合,表现出行动主义取向.生态学马克思主义和生态女性主义应互为借鉴,以促进各自发展和环境哲学的深化.
As two different forms of Western ecological thinking, Eco-Marxism and Eco-Feminism grew out of the same period. Both reject the mechanical view of nature which is grounded in the subject-object dichotomy; both pay attention to environmental practices and environmental justice; and both stand for the opinion that human being will get along well with nature in the future ideal society. Yet, with regards the cause of ecological crisis, the value orientation of the anthropocentrism and solutions to the problems, they have different ideas. Eco- Marxism and Eco-Feminism should learn from each other. This will help promote their respective development and deepen their environmental thinking.