中文摘要：

国家面临的洗钱风险评估对提高一个国家反洗钱资源配置效率和反洗钱有效性具有重要意义，但国内外这方面的研究文献却极为匮乏。本文在梳理现有研究的基础上从三个方面进行研究以求突破：一是以《FATF新40条建议》以及IMF、世界银行的洗钱风险评估方法为基础，以预防和打击洗钱行为为主线，构建一个用威胁和漏洞来描述的洗钱风险评估基本框架，并分解为非法所得清洗威胁、金融监测漏洞、调查漏洞、起诉漏洞和判决漏洞。二是结合FATF的有效性评估指标和本文建立的评估框架，对欧洲安全合作组织探索的反洗钱数据统计指标进行分析归类，创新建立洗钱风险评估指标体系，提出“威胁乘以漏洞”的国家洗钱风险评估计算公式。三是以中国官方披露数据为基础，实证分析制约我国反洗钱工作成效的瓶颈问题，并提出提升反洗钱有效性的政策建议，以期为评估国家洗钱风险、提高反洗钱效果、防范洗钱行为提供重要参考。

英文摘要：

NRA of ML is important to enhance the anti-money Laundering. Based on reviewing previous studies, this paper made breakthrough in three aspects： First, through integrating FATF40 Recommendations and the national risk assessment methodology of IMF and the World Bank, we construct a basic framework of the NRA which decompose NRA into the threat of illegal gains, financial monitoring vulnerabilities, investigation vulnerabilities, and prosecution and adjudication vulnerability. Second, we design an assessment index system according to the statistical indicators proposed by Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, and propose an NRA formula. Third, this paper find the main problems restricting the effectiveness of anti-money laundering based on the empirical analysis of China＇s official data disclosed. Finally, we propose some policy recommendations to improve the effect of anti-money laundering.