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汶川大地震中大坝震害与大坝抗震安全性分析

期刊名称：大连理工大学学报,2009,49(5):657-666. （EI收录）
时间：0
分类：TV64[水利工程—水利水电工程]
作者机构：[1]大连理工大学土木水利学院,辽宁大连116024
相关基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目（重点项目90510018）.致谢：本文汶川地震中大坝震害的资料,参考了水电水利规划设计总院的报告,在此表示感谢.
相关项目：西部强震区高拱坝抗震功能设计的若干基础理论研究

关键词：大坝, 震害, 抗震安全, dam, earthquake performance, seismic safety

中文摘要：

大坝抗震安全是公共安全的重大问题．深入分析了汶川地震中典型大坝的抗震性能与震害特点，对拱坝、重力坝、闸坝、面板堆石坝、心墙堆石坝等各种型式大坝的抗震特性与大坝抗震安全性进行了论述，阐明了观点，对大坝抗震设计的内容提出了建议．拱坝良好的抗震性能，在于发挥横缝的调节作用，使拱向拉应力得到释放，并具有一定的适应河谷与河岸变形的能力．提高重力坝的抗震能力，关键在于减小头部和坝踵等抗震薄弱部位应力集中的程度，并采取FRP等措施进行加强．闸坝轻型，地震惯性力小，具有较高的抵抗超载作用的潜力．对面板堆石坝来说，提高填筑和压实质量，减小其地震变形有利于改善面板与结构缝的工作条件，增强抗震能力．对心墙堆石坝来说，重要的也在于减小地震变形，特别是采取工程措施限制上部的地震变形，增强心墙的抗裂能力．

英文摘要：

The seismic safety of dams is a great issue of public concern. A deep comprehensive analysis was conducted towards the performance and seismic hazards of typical dams in the earthquake. In addition, the seismic properties and seismic safety of arch dams, gravity dams, sluice gate dams, concrete faced rock-fill dam and rock-fill dam with central core were addressed. The viewpoint provided was explained and several suggestions were put forward towards the seismic design of dams. Arch dam displays good behavior of earthquake resistance owing to the regulatory opening movement of contraction joints which reduces the arch tensile stresses to a great extent and adapts itself to slight permanent canyon and abutment deformation at the dam site. The key point of improving earthquake resistance of gravity dam lies in the reduction of stress concentration at the dam head and dam heel, i.e. , the vulnerable parts when subjected to earthquake action and taking some engineering measures to strengthen it. Sluice gate dam is rather light with less earthquake inertia effect, so it shows great potential to resist overload. As to the concrete faced rock fill dam, improving the quality of compactness and the quality of rock-fill which results in the reduction of earthquake deformation and settlement of the dam will improve the working conditions of concrete slab and contraction joints, and finally ensure earthquake safety of the dam. For rock-fill dam with central core, it is also important to improve the quality of compaction and reduce the earthquake deformation and settlement, especially reduce the deformation of the upper part of the dam by some engineering measure, so as to ensure the crack resistance of the central core.

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