中文摘要：

自然杀伤（natural killer,NK）细胞是机体固有免疫系统中一种具有细胞毒作用的免疫细胞,同时也是造血干细胞移植（hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,HSCT）后最早恢复的淋巴细胞。NK细胞具有早期识别并清除病毒感染细胞和肿瘤细胞的功能,同时也是连接固有免疫和适应性免疫的桥梁。HSCT后NK细胞的重建水平与移植患者预后、移植物抗宿主病（graft-versus-host disease,GVHD）、感染密切相关。本文主要介绍近年来HSCT后NK细胞重建的研究进展及其临床意义。

英文摘要：

Natural killer（NK） cell is one of cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune defense system and the first lymphocyte recovered after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation（allo-HSCT）. NK cells can recognize and lyse virally infected or malignant cells directly, and they also perform as an important link between innate and adaptive immune system. Post-HSCT reconstitution of NK cells is strongly associated with microbial infection, GVHD and/or relapse. Here, we review advances in NK cell recovery after allo-HSCT in recent years and its clinical significance.