中文摘要：

稀土矿床分为矿物型和风化型两种：我国著名的矿物型稀土矿有白云鄂博铁稀土铌矿、四川攀西冕宁稀土矿和山东微山稀土矿;风化型稀土矿有信丰型稀土矿、龙南型稀土矿和寻乌型稀土矿。对矿物型稀土矿的矿物组成和稀土配分研究发现,它们主要的稀土矿物为氟碳铈矿和独居石,强烈地选择轻稀土配分,轻稀土配分La＋Ce＋Pr＋Nd大于95%。风化型稀土矿中的稀土主要以水合或羟基水合离子吸附于黏土矿物上,稀土配分主要选择中重稀土配分,约占90%,该类型中稀土Sm＋Eu＋Gd＋Tb＋Dy配分和约为15%,重稀土配分Ho＋Er＋Tm＋Yb＋Lu＋Y约为29%,少量选择重稀土配分型,约占8%,其该类型重稀土配分约为75%。从原岩到风化壳矿石,再从风化壳矿石到风化壳淋积型稀土矿的提取产品,稀土配分存在富铕效应和铈亏效应。该结果不仅有利于制定稀土矿的选矿和混合稀土的分离工艺,而且为揭示稀土矿稀土迁移富集成矿规律起到积极的作用。

英文摘要：

Rare earth deposits can be divided into mineral type and weathering type. The famous mineral type rare earth ores are Baiyun Obo rare earth ore,Sichuan Panxi Mianning rare earth ore and Shandong Weishan rare earth mine. Weathering type rare earth ores are Xinfeng type rare earth ore,Longnan type rare earth ore and Xunwu type rare earth ore. The main rare earth minerals of mineral type rare earth ores are bastnaesite and monazite,and the rare earth partitioning are mainly light rare earth（ ∑Ce O2） which is larger than 95%. The rare earth of weathering type rare earth ores are mainly adsorbed on the clay minerals as hydration or hydroxyl hydrated ion,and about 90% of weathering type rare earth ores are middle and heavy rare earth partitioning in which the partitioning of middle rare earth（ Sm ＋ Eu ＋ Gd ＋ Tb ＋ Dy） is about 15% and the heavy rare earth（ ∑Y2O3） is about 29%. About 8% of weathering type rare earth ores are heavy rare earth which accounts for75%. From original rock to weathering crust ore,and weathering crust ore to the extraction production of weathered crust elution- deposited rare earth ore,the partitioning of europium is richen. The study not only benefit the formulation of the beneficiation of rare earth ores and separation technology of mixed rare earth,but also reveal the metallogeny regularity and the migration enrichment.