中文摘要：

通过柱浸的方式模拟风化壳淋积型稀土矿堆浸和原地浸出过程,探讨硫酸铵浓度、pH和浸取温度对稀土、铝和铵流出曲线的影响,考察稀土、铝和铵之间的相关关系,以揭示稀土和杂质的浸出规律,强化稀土的浸出过程,为稀土矿高效低耗地开采提供理论指导。结果表明,适度地提高浸取剂的浓度,可强化稀土及铝的浸出过程,减小铵的穿透体积,使铵较快的达到平衡,但过量的浸取剂会增加生产成本,加重环境负荷;浸取剂pH在4~8变化时,对稀土、铝和铵的流出曲线均没有影响,浸取剂无需进行额外的pH调节;夏季进行浸取作业,更有利于稀土和铝的浸出过程强化及铵利用率的提高。用0.1 mol/L硫酸铵浸取250 g稀土矿样,浸出液体积为102.6 mL时,稀土的浸出率可达95.61%。原102.6 mL浸取剂溶液中仅18.17%的铵离子用于交换稀土,而49.22%的铵则留在浸出液中,可补加一定量浸取剂,返回矿山使用。

英文摘要：

The processes of heap leaching and in - situ leaching were simulated by the column leaching method. The effects of concentration of ammonium sulfate, pH and leaching temperature on the elution curves of rare earth （ RE）, alumi- num （A1） and ammonium ion （NH4＋ ） were studied to reveal the leaching regulation of RE and impurities and enhance the leaching process of RE. The results can provide theoretical guidance for the high efficiency and low consumption exploitation of RE ores. It was found that a high concentration of leaching agent can enhance the leaching process of RE and AI, reduce the breakthrough volume of NH4＋ and obtain the equilibrium of NH~ fastly. But the excessive leaching agent only can increase the cost and the environment burthen. There was almost no variation on the elution curves of RE and Al. The pH adjustion of leac- hing agent can be omitted. It was better for the leaching work in summer that can enhance the leaching process of RE and A1 and improve the use ratio of ammonium. 250 g RE ore was leached by 0.1 mol/L ammonium sulfate, 95.61% of RE leaching efficiency can be obtained at 102.6 mL of the leachate. In 102.6 mL of the leaching agent solution, only 18.17% of NH4＋ was used to exchange RE and 49.22% of NH; was left in the leachate that can be reused by replenishing leaching agent.