中文摘要：

采用2011—2013年松花江哈尔滨段各断面水质监测数据和老头湾水文数据,运用实测资料反推法和河流一维水质模型对该段干流的COD、BOD5、NH3-N的衰减速度系数K进行测算,结果表明：1—12月朱顺屯—大顶子山的KCOD、KBOD5、KNH3-N分别在0.035 d^-1-3.372 d^-1、0.368 d^-1-5.459 d^-1和0.245 d^-1-5.600 d^-1之间;冰封期各污染物K值小于明水期,夏季（6—8月）K值大于其他季节。以2013年阿什河口下—呼兰河口下河段上、下游各断面的监测数据对测算的各污染物动态K值进行率定,实际监测值与预测浓度年内变化趋势基本一致,相对误差在25%以内,水质验证结果较满意。

英文摘要：

Based on water quality monitoring sections data offered by Harbin Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Station and the Laotou Bay hydrological data in 2011—2013,the dynamic decay rate coefficient（ K） of COD,BOD5 and NH3-N were calculated by using Inverse Method and one-dimensional river water quality model. The results showed that from January to December KCODwere 0. 035 d^-1- 3. 372 d^-1,KBOD5were0. 368 d^-1- 5. 459 d^-1and KNH3-Nwere 0. 245 d^-1- 5. 600 d^-1at Zhushuntun—Dadingzi mountain. At frozen period K value of each pollutant was less than that at unfreezing period. In summer（ from June to August） K value was greater than that in the other seasons. The dynamic K value of each pollutant with the monitoring data on each upstream and downstream section of Ashe River lower estuary and Hulan River lower estuary in 2013 were calibrated the calculated. The trend of predicted concentrations and actual monitoring values were basically the same in one year. The relative error was less than 25%,and the water quality verification results were satisfactory.