中文摘要：

目的分析医院2007-2011年铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌的分布及耐药性,以指导临床抗菌药物的合理使用。方法对2007-2011年医院各类临床标本分离出的铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌分布特点及药敏结果进行回顾性分析,使用世界卫生组织细菌耐药性监测中心推荐的WHONET5.6软件和Excel软件进行数据分析。结果 2007-2011年分离铜绿假单胞菌1 295株,鲍氏不动杆菌774株,标本主要来源于痰液,两种菌的痰液标本平均检出率分别为81.7%和86.4%;病区分布集中于高压氧科、呼吸内科、ICU,约占50.0%;铜绿假单胞菌对多黏菌素B和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦有较好的药敏活性,耐药性均〈15.0%;而对头孢呋辛酯则表现出较强的抗药性,耐药率均〉70.0%;鲍氏不动杆菌对多黏菌素B有较好的药敏活性,平均耐药率为4.4%;其次是米诺环素和头孢哌酮/舒巴坦,平均耐药率分别为38.0%和25.0%。结论铜绿假单胞菌和鲍氏不动杆菌是医院最常见的非发酵菌,其耐药性高,及时监测病原菌变化及耐药趋势对指导临床用药至关重要。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical distribution and drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii causing infections in 2007-2011so as to guide the reasonable clinical use of antibiotics. METHODS The distributional characteristics of the P.aeruginosaand A.baumannii strains isolated from the clinical specimens in 2007-2011and the result of drug susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed,and the data were analyzed with the use of WHONET5.6software recommended by the bacterial resistance surveillance center of WHO and the Excel.RESULTS From 2007through 2011,totally 1295strains of P.aeruginosaand 774strains of A.baumannii have been isolated,the sputum specimens were the major specimen source,the mean detection rates of the two species isolated from the sputum specimens were 81.7%and 86.4%,respectively.50.0% of the strains were isolated from the department of hyperbaric oxygen,department of respiratory medicine,and ICU.The P.aeruginosastrains showed high drug susceptibility against polymyxin B and cefoperazone-sulbactam,with the drug resistance rates less than 15.0%,the drug resistance rate to cefuroxime axetil was more than 70.0%;the A. baumannii strains showed high drug susceptibility against polymyxin B,with the mean drug resistance rate 4.4%, and the mean drug resistance rates to minocycline and cefoperazone-sulbactam were 38.0% and 25.0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONThe P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii are the most common non-fermenting bacteria in the hospital and are highly resistant to antibiotics.Timely monitoring of the pathogens and the drug resistance is crucial to the clinical use of antibiotics.