中文摘要：

目的：探讨我国人口结构变化、环境质量对居民医疗保健支出的影响。方法：基于2000-2010年省际面板数据。运用动态面板系统GMM估计方法。结果：（1）老年抚养比上升促进居民医疗保健支出的增加；（2）少年抚养比下降也是加速医疗保健支出上涨的因素；（3）环境质量的恶化加大了人们对医疗保健的需求。结论：为了改善居民的健康状况。应该完善老年人的医疗保险制度．构建儿童医疗健康保障体系。环境保护工作应以人为本。

英文摘要：

Objective： To explore the impacts of demographic structure, environmental quality on household health care expenditures： Methods： Based on 2000-2010 inter-provincial panel data, the method of dynamic panel SYS GMM is used. Results： （1） The rise of elederly dependency ratio promotes residents＇ health care expenditures; （2） the decline in juvenile dependency ratio is also the acceleration factor of health care expenditures; （3） the seriousness of environmental quality pollution expands the health care demand. Conchmion： To improve the health status residents, it is needed to implement the medical insurance system for the eldly, construct the health care insurance system for the children, besides, environment protection should be people oriented.