中文摘要：

酸性矿山废水（acid mine drainage,AMD）对周边农田的污染是煤等含硫矿产资源开采过程中普遍存在的问题。通过模拟实验,研究了AMD对稻田上覆水pH、EC（电导率）和Eh（氧化还原电位）等理化特征和对其中氮形态转化的影响。结果表明,AMD持续污染对稻田上覆水pH、EC和Eh等综合理化指标、重金属含量以及稻田上覆水中的总氮、氨氮、可溶性有机氮、亚硝酸盐氮含量产生了极显著影响（p〈0.01）。AMD污染后上覆水总氮、可溶性有机氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮含量分别从3.92、3.27、0.005 0、0.33 mg/L变为9.33、8.67、0.017、0.18 mg/L;同时AMD的灭菌处理实验表明,AMD中的铁硫杆菌等微生物具有影响稻田上覆水中氮转化的作用,灭菌后的AMD可显著降低稻田土壤氮的损失,有效降低稻田上覆水总氮（比对照降低42.01%）、可溶性有机氮（比对照降低73.34%）以及亚硝态氮（比对照降低70.59%）含量,提高土壤上覆水硝态氮浓度（比对照提高93.71%）。说明,AMD持续污染可通过对稻田水环境特征产生显著的直接影响,继而直接或间接地影响着稻田上覆水中可溶性有机氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮形态及总氮的数量变化,同时AMD及稻田中的微生物在其中发挥着重要作用。

英文摘要：

Contamination of acid mine drainage （AMD） on paddy soil in its drainage area is a common problem during the mining activities for sulf-mineral resource, such as coal. Based on a simulation experiment, impacts of AMD on physiochemical characteristics such as pH, EC and Eh, as well as forms of nitrogen in the overlying water of paddy soil were investigated. The results showed that AMD persistent pollution had a significant impact on comprehensive index of overlying water, such as pH, conductivity, redox potential and levels of heavy metals（Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn）（p〈0.01 ）,and the contents of TN, DON, NH3-N, and NOz-N in the overlying water of paddy field increased significantly （p〈0.01）. The contents of TN, DON, NH3-N, NO3-N and NO2-N in overlying water changed from 3.92 mg/L, 3.27 mg/L, 0.005 0 mg/L, 0.33 mg/L to 9.33 mg/L, 8.67 rag/L, 0.017 rag/L, 0.18 mg/L respectively under AMD persistent pollution. In addition, the sterilization treatment of AMD indicated microorganism including Thiobacillus ferroxidans could affect the transformation of nitrogen in the overlying water, the sterilization treatment of AMD could significantly reduce the loss of nitrogen in paddy soil and the levels of total nitrogen reduced by 42.01% compared with control, dissolved organic nitrogen reduced by 73.34% compared with control and the nitrite nitrogen reduced by 70.59% compared with control in the overlying water of paddy field, while the content of the nitrate nitrogen in the overlying water increased by 93.71%. In conclusion, AMD persistent pollution had a directly significant impact on the characteristics of the overlying water in rice paddies and directly or indirectly affected the contents of TN, DON, NH3-N, NO3^--N and NO2^--N of the overlying water. Moreover a number of microorganisms in AMD played an important role in the comprehensive physiochemical characteristics.