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中文摘要：
量子密钥分发系统由于能够提供一种物理上安全的密钥分发方式，因此成为量子信息领域的研究热点，其中如何在现实条件下保证量子密钥分发的无条件安全性是该领域的一个重要研究课题。从经典保密通信系统中具有完善保密性的一次一密体制出发，介绍了量子密钥分发系统的应用模型和整体保密通信系统的安全性基础，以及自第一个协议被提出以来量子密钥分发现实无条件安全性的研究进展，重点介绍了针对现实条件安全漏洞的各种类型的量子黑客攻击方案、防御方式，以及最近两年被广泛重视的与测量设备无关的量子密钥分发系统的理论和实验进展。
英文摘要：
Quantum key distribution （QKD） is one of the most active research fields in quantum information science and technology. It can provide a method to generate a shared secret key between two distant parties, and has unconditional security guaranteed by physics laws even if the eavesdropper Eve has unlimited computational power and storage capacity. The unconditional security with the practical devices is an important problem in QKD research. The perfect secrecy of the one-time pad （OTP） and a model combining the OTP and the QKD are first introduced. The development of the unconditional security of the QKD is summarized. The emphasis is put on the quantum attack schemes based on practical systems and the corresponding countmeasures. The recent advances of the measurement device independent QKD （MDIQKD） scheme are described in detail.
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