中文摘要：

利用猕猴骨盆标本37例（雄17例,雌20例）,选取12个骨盆变量和2个股骨变量进行测量.单因素方差分析用于比较骨盆变量的性差.骨盆变异性的性差比较采用Levene’s检验.结果显示：坐骨高和骨盆入口径等骨盆变量性差的大小和方向是不同的.一些骨盆变量（如,坐骨高等）的变异性存在性差,股骨长变异性不存在性差.骨盆变量变异性性差是雄性大于雌性.结果表明,在性别之间骨盆变异性、生长发育模式和选择压力可能是不同的.骨盆的原生细胞的双向分化与发育稳定性选择、定向选择有关.总体上选择强度和表型变异成负相关.雌性骨盆形态在稳定选择和定向选择之间的交互作用,面临较大的选择压力,所以雌性盆骨形态的变异性比雄性要小一些.

英文摘要：

The intent of the present study was to compare pelvic variability between males and females in Macaca mulatta from Taihang mountains. Hip euboid bone specimens were obtained from 37 skeletons of Macaca mulatta （17 males and 20 females）. 12 pelvic measurements and 2 femoral measurements were select- ed, and SPSS （Version 22.0） was used for statistical analysis. The one-way analysis of variance was used to compare the sexual differences for each pelvic variable, and the Levene＇s t-test was used for the sexual differ- ences in pelvic variability. Results showed that the size and direction of sexual dimorphism in some pelvic meas- urements were different. There were sexual differences in pelvic variabilityr on the other hand, there were no sexual differences in femoral variability. For Macaca mulatta, some variables in the pelvic variability were sig- nificantly different, with males being more variable than females. These findings suggested that the patterns and pressures of selection in the pelvic variability, growth and development were likely different between the sexes. The anlage of the pelvis is bipotential in development with stabilizing selection and directional selection. Selec- tion intensity and phenotypic variability are inversely related in general. Owing to opposing selection pressures on pelvic morphology in females between efficiency in locomotion and obstetric adequacy, as a combination of stabilizing and directional selection, female pelvic morphology is less variable than that in males.