中文摘要：

放射性元素铀既是核燃料的主要成分又是核废料后期处理的关键元素,对环境造成潜在的污染,铀的污染治理研究对治理核污染有着重要的现实意义。本文针对碳纳米管、石墨烯以及其他碳基纳米材料对水体环境中放射性元素铀的吸附研究进行了概述和展望,包括碳基纳米材料的制备方法、去除效果和吸附机理。此外,针对纯碳材料对铀吸附量低等问题,提出并归纳了多种表面改性及复合方法。总之,制备高效低成本的碳基纳米吸附材料,提高碳基纳米材料对复杂条件下放射性元素的高效处理能力,将成为今后重点研究方向。

英文摘要：

With the development of nuclear technology,the radioactive nuclide pollution such as uranium pollution is threating the human health. Uranium is the major constituent of nuclear fuel and the key nuclide in spent fuel reprocessing. Carbon-based nanomaterials are promising for uranium removal due to their large specific surface area,excellent acid stability,higher radiation and thermal resistance. In this review,carbon-based nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes,graphene and other carbon materials used as adsorbents for uranium removal have been summarized. The relevant synthetic methods,removal performance and adsorption mechanism are also discussed. And the adsorption performance of carbon-based materials can be improved by surface oxidization and physical or chemical modifications such as coating,grafting functional groups or molecules.However,the practical application of carbon-based nanomaterials has been limited because of their high cost and complicated synthesis process. Therefore,howto develop a low-cost,mature process technology and application system will be an important research direction in the future.