中文摘要：

随着核能的广泛应用和核技术的快速发展,环境中放射性核素铀的污染日益严峻.纳米零价铁（Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron：nZVI）因其具有廉价、制备简便、高表面活性及对铀高效的吸附性能等特性而逐渐成为环境中铀污染处理的良好材料.采用可行的方法制备纳米零价铁复合材料,借助单体材料之间的协同效应可进一步提高材料对铀酰的吸附性能.因此,纳米零价铁复合材料的制备以及应用成为近期环境科学领域的研究热点之一.针对纳米零价铁及其复合材料对环境中铀酰的去除研究进行了概述和展望,包括纳米零价铁及其复合材料的制备方法、去除效果及去除机理,并且简要探讨了纳米零价铁及其复合材料在环境放射性污染治理的应用前景,以期为今后的深入研究和实际应用提供参考依据.

英文摘要：

With the widespread using of nuclear energy, the nuclear technology is developed rapidly and the radionticlide pollution such as uranium has become the serious problem for human health. Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron （nZVI） has become the excellent adsorbent for the removal of uranium ions from environment because of its low cost, easy preparation, high surface-activity and excellent performance for adsorption of uranium. Due to synergistic effect of each monomer, the nZVI nanocomposites have been applied to remove radionuclides and the adsorption capacity of nZVI nanocomposites are im- proved to a further level. Hence, the preparation of nZVl and its nanocomposites for the efficient removal of radionuclides is one of the hot issues in the field of environmental science. The aim of this review is to summarize and outlook the recent research on the application of nZVI nanocomposites for the efficient removal of radioactive uranium from environment. The preparation ofnZVl and its composites, the removal efficiency and removal mechanism has been summarized, and the appli- cation of the nZVI nanocomposites in environmental pollution cleanup has also been discussed, expecting for the reference of practical application and future research.