中文摘要：

采用嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5对供试污泥进行生物沥浸处理,并通过与化学酸化试验对比,从Zeta电位、溶胞作用及污泥絮体的形态结构等方面研究了污泥生物沥浸的酸化效应对其脱水性能的影响.结果表明,生物酸化过程中,随着pH的下降,污泥比阻由1.81×1012m.kg-1降到0.59×1012m.kg-1,污泥沉降率不断提高,在pH 2.90时达到48%,污泥Zeta电位逐渐升高,从-25.2 mV升至9.6 mV.化学酸化试验中,随着pH的下降,污泥比阻先降低再升高,并在pH 3.35时取得最小值2.6×1012m.kg-1,Zeta电位逐渐上升,于pH 2.90时趋于0.污泥中可溶性磷浓度随着pH下降不断升高,pH调至1.86时,污泥液相中总磷（TP）浓度超过600 mg.L-1,进一步通过显微镜对污泥絮体的观察发现,强酸会导致污泥中微生物细胞分解.在pH 3.35左右,化学酸化污泥和生物酸化污泥的颗粒结构都没有发生明显变化,但生物酸化污泥中存在一些可能是次生矿物的晶体.污泥Zeta电位趋近于0、次生矿物的形成是生物沥浸的酸化效应使城市污泥脱水性能提高的内因.

英文摘要：

Batch experiments were performed to exploit the effect and the mechanism of bioleaching on sludge dewaterability by the inoculation of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 in this study.Besides,chemical leaching experiments using sulphuric acid were also performed as control to study the effect of acidification on sludge dewaterability.During the processes of both biological and chemical leaching,Zeta potential,cell lyses,morphology and structure of sludge flocs were monitored.Results showed that along with the acid production and hence the decrease of pH during bioleaching,the specific resistance of bioleached sludge decreased systematically from 1.81×1012 m·kg-1 to 0.59×1012 m·kg-1,whilst Zeta potential increased from-25.2 mV to 9.6 mV,and the natural sedimentation rate increased to as high as 48% at pH 2.90.In chemical leaching,the specific resistance decreased continuously to a minimum value of 2.6×1012m·kg-1 at pH 3.35 and then started to increase.Zeta potential increased with the decrease of pH,and reached zero at pH 2.90.At strong acid condition,sludge cells could be decomposed,resulting in the increase of total dissolved phosphorus in centrifugal liquor of chemical leached sludge.However,this phenomenon was not observed in bioleaching process because that the phosphorus was utilized by the abundant microorganism in system.Observation by SEM showed that there was no obvious change in the flocs structure of both sludge at pH 3.35 except for that some secondary minerals appeared only in bioleached sludge.These results revealed that decrease of absolute value of Zeta potential and formation of secondary minerals caused by bioleaching were responsible for the improvement of sludge dewaterability.