中文摘要：

为了研究不同数据同化方法在AquaCrop（FAO Crop model to simulate yield response to water）模型模拟作物地上生物量（above ground biomass,AGB）、冠层覆盖度（canopy cover,CC）和产量过程的效率,以冬小麦为研究对象,利用2012-2013、2013-2014和2014-2015年冬小麦田间试验数据,将标定的Aqua Crop生长模型与遥感光谱信息相结合开展同化技术分析,应用粒子群优化（particle swarm optimization,PSO）、模拟退火（simulated annealing,SA）和复合型混合演化（shuffled complex evolution,SCE-UA）3种数据同化算法,以不同生育期、不同水分处理和不同氮肥水平的AGB和CC为双变量开展多同化算法的模拟分析,对3种数据同化算法的运算效率和同化结果进行对比分析。结果表明：1）3种数据同化算法达到的应度值0.26时,SCE-UA同化算法用时最少（833 s）,SA数据同化算法用时最多（1433 s）,表明SCE-UA同化算法效率最优,SA数据同化算法效率最低;2）不同生育期的同化结果,AGB的同化精度随着生育期的推进而降低,AGB的模拟值在拔节期和挑旗期高于实测值,被高估,在开花期和灌浆期被低估,总的AGB被低估;CC在拔节期和挑旗期被低估,在开花期和灌浆期被高估,总的CC被低估;3）不同水分处理的同化结果,AGB普遍被低估,CC在雨养（W0）条件下被高估,在正常灌溉（W1）和过量灌溉（W2）条件下被低估;产量均被低估;4）不同氮肥水平,AGB的模拟精度随着施N量的增加而降低,并且普遍被低估,CC普遍被高估,产量均被低估。以上结果表明,PSO、SA和SCE-UA 3种数据同化算法均能有效模拟冬小麦的AGB、CC和产量,其中SCE-UA数据同化算法无论在运算效率还是同化结果的精度上均优于PSO和SA数据同化算法。

英文摘要：

Data assimilation has been known a promising approach for crop growth processing monitoring and yield estimation. In order to analyze the assimilation accuracy and efficiency of above ground biomass （AGB）, canopy cover （CC） and yield of crop using AquaCrop crop growth model, which is an FAO crop model to simulate yield response to water, the field experiments were conducted during the 2012-2013, 2013-2014, and 2014-2015 winter wheat growing seasons at the National Precision Agriculture Demonstration Research Base in Beijing, China, and data were obtained in the jointing stage, flag leaf stage, anthesis stage and filling stage, respectively. Combined with ground remote sensing data, the AGB, CC and yield were simulated using the AquaCrop model under different water and nitrogen treatments with 3 data assimilation algorithms, which included particle swarm optimization （PSO）, simulated annealing （SA） and shuffled complex evolution （SCE-UA）. Both AGB and CC were used as state variables in the 3 algorithms. The computation efficiency and assimilation results of these algorithms were compared. The results showed as follows： 1） Among the 3 assimilation algorithms, the efficiency of SCE-UA assimilation algorithm was the highest （833 s）, while the SA was the lowest （1 433 s）. 2） Under different growth stages, the accuracy of AGB reduced with the growth of winter wheat. The simulation values of AGB were underestimated in j ointing and flag leaf stages while overestimated in anthesis and filling stages. The simulation values of CC were overestimated in the jointing and flag leaf stages while underestimated in anthesis and filling stages. The ranges of RMSE （root mean square error）, consistency index and MBE between the assimilated and measured AGB and CC by SCE-UA method were 0.57-1.92 t/hm2, 0.90-1.00 and - 11.8%- 18.5%, and 6.6%- 12.1%, 0.94-1.00 and -3.7%-9.5%, respectively. 3） Under 3 different water treatments （W0 （rainfed）, Wl （normal irrigation） and W2 （over irrigat