中文摘要：

自然物种演化形成了多种复杂而精细的光子结构,这类结构兼具功能的特点,将具有刺激响应特性的材料与天然生物光子结构相结合,能够制备得到响应性光子晶体材料,在生物医疗检测、传感器件、装饰和防伪等方面具有巨大的应用前景.本文在前期研究工作的基础上,综述了近年来,具有生物结构的响应性光子晶体的研究进展,总结了自然界的天然分级光子结构种类及显色机理,重点阐述了基于刺激响应聚合物的响应性光子晶体的构筑及应用、以及响应机理,最后对具有生物结构的响应性光子晶体材料的问题进行了总结,对未来的研究进行了展望.

英文摘要：

There are diverse photonic structures formed in nature, which can perfectly match the functional and survival demands of the plants or creatures. Inspired by these hierarchical structures, researches have been trying to biomimetic fabrication of responsive photonic crystals through the combination of responsive materials and natural structures for the potential applications in biomedical detections, sensors, decorations and anti-counterfeiting, etc. In this review, progress in stimuli-responsive photonic crystals with biological structures is summarized based on the recent research works, especially those on the variety of the natural photonic crystals with hierarchical structures and the coloration mechanism. The concept of photonic structures in nature is first given and the types are clarified separately with a typical example presented. Generally, these photonic structures can be divided into three categories： 1D, 2D and 3D. Accordingly, the coloration mechanism of these structures is explained. With periodic structures arranged in different directions, some of the nature species obtained the magnificent structural colours, which are ultra-difficult for artificial manufacture. Based on these hierarchically photonic structures, functionalization is achieved by introduction of functional materials into the system, such as noble metal, Fe3O4, carbon nanotubes, and organic materials. This review emphasizes on the fabrication, application and responsive mechanism of the responsive photonic crystals based on the responsive polymers. It is known that there are many kinds of stimuli-responsive polymers. By depositing different kinds of stimuli-responsive polymers onto the nature species, that is biotemplates, the stimuli-responsive photonic crystals can be synthesized. The properties of the deposited polymers can be tuned accurately, which could lead to the change of the parameters of the biotemplates including periodic lengths and refractive indexes upon the environmental stimuli signals. Correspondingly, the colo