中文摘要：

P2X7受体与炎症密切相关,且在肠道细胞广泛表达。动物实验表明,ATP/P2X7信号主要介导加重肠炎,众多细胞参与这一作用,包括巨噬细胞、树突状细胞、T细胞、肥大细胞以及肠道神经元等。也有证据表明在弓形虫引起的肠炎中,P2X7信号则发挥抑制炎症的作用,其具体机制还有待进一步研究。本文就P2X7受体与炎症性肠病（inflammatory bowel disease,IBD）的相关研究进展作一综述,希望能为P2X7受体与IBD的进一步研究提供指导和借鉴。

英文摘要：

P2X7 receptors are closely associated with inflammation, and they have been found to be expressed on colonic cells broadly. In animal model of colonic inflammation, ATP/P2X7 signaling mainly promotes inflammation, and a variety of cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells and enteric neurons are involved in this process. However, in the toxoplasmic ileitis, P2X7 signaling plays a role in inhibiting the inflammation. But, the underlying mechanisms are still not clear. This review outlined the research progresses of P2X7 receptors in inflammatory bowel disease（IBD） to provide some clues for the further studies on the relationship between P2X7 receptors and IBD.