中文摘要：

在阐述水足迹相关理论的基础上，对水足迹定量核算的模型与方法进行了比较和评述，对其相关应用进展进行了总结。水足迹的核算方法主要有Bottom—up分析法、Top—down分析法和Input—output模型法，它们在计算水足迹时所采用的公式和适用范围均有差别；目前国内外水足迹研究主要集中于产品水足迹、区域水足迹、国家水足迹以及基于水足迹理论的其他应用研究；贸易的虚拟水流量分析和虚拟水战略、量化人类水足迹消费对生态环境的影响、衡量水足迹的经济效益以及开发水足迹定量计算模型等内容将是今后研究的重要方向。

英文摘要：

Based on water footprint theories, the calculation methods of water footprint were compared, and their applications progress were summarized. Water footprints can be evaluated by Bottom-up approach, Top-down approach and input-output approach. The three methods have differences in representation of calculations formula for water footprint, as well as their applicable scopes. The current researches of water footprint mainly focus on product water footprint, regional water footprint, national water footprint, and other application cases based on water footprint theories. The virtual water flow and strategy, the quantization of the influences of human water footprint on the ecosystem, economic efficiency of water use, and water footprint calculation models are the important fields of research in the further.