中文摘要：

近年来,石油泄漏以及工业含油废水的排放对生态环境造成了严重的损害,高效节能的新型油水分离材料已成为研究热点。具有特殊亲液性的静电纺纳米纤维膜是一种可用于油水分离的新型膜材料,它具有较高的比表面积和孔隙率,既可以自发实现油水分离,又能减少能源消耗。主要介绍了超亲水疏油、超疏水亲油、智能切换亲水/亲油以及单向导油纳米纤维膜,及纤维膜的制备方法、亲液性以及油水分离过程和分离效率;并对静电纺油水分离纳米纤维膜所面临的挑战和应用前景进行了展望。

英文摘要：

Recently, oil pollution resulting from frequent oil spill accidents and industries has been a great damage to the ecoenvironment. Therefore, novel oil-water separation materials are urgently desired and have become a hot issue. Electrospun nanofibers of special wettability is a new porous material for oil-water separation owing to their large specific surface area and higher porosity. It can separate oil and water spontaneously without additional energy. This paper gives a comprehensive review to the recent studies about the superhydrophilic-oleophobic, superhydrophobic-oleophilic, switchable hydrophilicity/oleophilicity and directional oil transport nanofibrous membranes. In each part, the preparation, lyophibilicity, separation process and efficient are discussed. Moreover, the challenges and prospects for the future of this kind of materials are highlighted.