中文摘要：

以人口普查数据为依据，以地理信息系统空间分析技术为手段，选取百岁人口比率、高龄水平、预期寿命等测度指标，对安徽省1990--2010年间人口长寿水平的时空变化进行探讨。研究结果表明：安徽省的人口长寿水平不断提高，但空间分异模式基本稳定。在区域尺度上，淮北平原、江淮丘陵、皖南山地3个区域的长寿水平呈现出由北向南、梯度递减的总体特征；在地级尺度上，各地市的长寿水平呈现出北部高、中间低、南部略高的纬向分异，形成一条皖江沿岸长寿水平低值带。现阶段，安徽省的百岁人口比率主要受自然地理条件的影响，预期寿命主要受经济水平的制约，而高龄水平既受自然地理条件的影响也受经济水平的制约。皖江沿岸长寿水平低值带的形成可能是受沿线水患灾害的频繁发生和血吸虫病等地方病的持续影响。

英文摘要：

It is significant for researching the longevity situation of a regional population to promote the sustainable health development. Based on the census data of 1990, 2000 and 2010 ,using such indicators as centenarians, the elderly-level and life-expectancy, this paper studied the spatial-temporal changes of Anhui population longevity-level from 1990 to 2010. The conclusions can be drawn as follows. During the past 20 years, as a whole of Anhui Province, the longevity-level of the population has improved continuously in time, and declined gradually from north to south in space. At prefecture level, there exists a lower-values belt of longevity-level along the Yangtze River. At present, the population ratio of centenarians in Anhui Province is mainly affected by physical geographical conditions, life expectancy is mainly restricted by economic level, and the elderly level affected by both physical geographical conditions and the restriction of economic level. The formation of the lower-values belt of longevity-level along the Yangtze River may caused by frequently floods and endemic schistosomiasis.